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For example, progress has already been made to develop a complete vocal tract model whereby the tongue model, jaw model, and acoustic airway are connected.Ī new computer-vision cellular-phone-based methodology and scheme was developed to determine the shape properties (Flatness Index, Elongation Index and Roundness Index) of coarse aggregate particles. This work may be continued in many other directions to simulate the upper airway for speaking, breathing, and swallowing.

Automatic methods to extract shape and function are investigated to demonstrate the feasibility of upper airway image-based modeling for this modeling framework. Diierent medical image modalities may jointly enable guidance of the creation on individuals' anatomy models. In addition to the presented generic tongue model, individual diierences in shape and function are important for clinical applications. Feasible behavior of the biomechanical tongue model is ensured by comparison with a reference model and matching the model to medical image data. Interactivity was achieved by introducing a general-purpose fast linear nite element muscle model. A three-dimensional biomechanical tongue model is modiied as a reference model of the modeling framework to demonstrate integration of an existing model and to enable interactivity and validation procedures. Graphical user interface components enable the interactive manipulation of models and orchestration of physiological functions. A three-dimensional computational modeling framework is proposed to mimic the behavior of the upper airway anatomy as a system by combining biomechanic, parametric, and acoustic modeling methods. This interactive model of the upper airway system allows better understanding of the anatomical structures and their overall function. This work creates a modeling framework as a bridge between such disciplines as linguistics, dentistry, biomechanics, and acoustics to enable the integration of physiological knowledge with interactive simulation methods. The interplay and correlated movements between all the anatomical structures are complex and basic physiological functions, such as the muscle activation patterns associated with chewing or swallowing, are not well understood. It plays a central role in speaking, mastication, breathing, and swallowing. The human upper airway anatomy consists of the jaw, tongue, pharynx, larynx, palate, nasal cavities, nostrils, lips, and adjacent facial structures.

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